Characterization
In short: Characterization is how a character is conveyed to readers – directly through description or indirectly through their actions, speech and the reactions of others.
Direct and indirect characterization
Indirect is stronger: Show character through actions, decisions and speech instead of asserting it („he was brave“).
Allow contradictions: People aren't all of a piece. Small contradictions make characters believable.
Details, not catalogues: One telling detail says more than a full head-to-toe description.
Related terms: Show, don't tell · Dialogue · Character Development · Protagonist
Frequently asked questions
What is the difference between direct and indirect characterization?
Direct: traits are stated. Indirect: they emerge through action, speech and the effect on others.
How do I characterize a character vividly?
Mostly indirectly – through concrete actions, a distinct voice and telling details.